Shared and Distinct Aspects of Africa’s Ancient Stone Circle Calendars: Ng'amoritung'a (Kenya), Nabta Playa (Egypt), the Wanar complex (Senegal) and Inzalo y’Langa (South Africa)

The African continent is home to the oldest stone circle calendars. Notable sites include Inzalo y’Langa in South Africa, Nabta Playa in Egypt, Ng'amoritung'a in Kenya and the Wanar complex in Senegal. Despite this rich astronomical heritage left by early African civilisations, potential linkages or commonalities remain largely unexplored. This study investigates the similarities and differences among these four prehistoric observatories to illuminate our understanding of the diffusion of astronomical knowledge and migration patterns across the continent. It contrasts the timelines, geological features, structural designs, astronomical significance and social contexts of these artefactual stone landscapes.